Impi phakathi kombuso nombuso yabhekana nezindaba ezibalulekile neziwubala.Izimpi ezivamile zilwelwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezingxabano futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kubangane bomshado abebiwe.INtshonalanga ye-Asia inezibazi ngenxa yezingxabano zikawoyela nemingcele eyizingxabano.Nakuba lezi zakhiwo zangemva kweMpi Yezwe II bezilokhu zisemaphethelweni, amasistimu asekelwe emithethweni yomhlaba wonke aya ngokuya ephoqa amazwe ukuthi ahlanganyele ezimpini ezingajwayelekile.Impi entsha ye-geo-economic engajwayelekile isidangele.Njengakho konke okunye kulo mhlaba oxhumene, i-India ibophezelekile ukubandakanyeka futhi iphoqelelwe ukukhetha isikhundla, kodwa ukungqubuzana kuye kwabukela phansi ukubaluleka kwayo okubalulekile namasu.Amandla ezomnotho.Esimeni sokungqubuzana okude, ukuntuleka kokulungiselela kungase kulilimaze kakhulu i-India.
Ama-semiconductor chips aba mancane futhi abe nzima kakhulu unyaka nonyaka, aqala ubutha phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu.Lawa ma-silicon chips ayingxenye ebalulekile yezwe lanamuhla, engakhuthaza umsebenzi, ukuzijabulisa, ukuxhumana, ukuvikela izwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwezokwelapha, njalonjalo.Ngeshwa, ama-semiconductors asephenduke inkundla yempi yommeleli wezingxabano eziqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe phakathi kwe-China ne-United States, nawo wonke amandla amakhulu azama ukubamba ukubusa kwamasu.Njengamanye amazwe amaningi aneshwa, i-India ibonakala ingaphansi kwezibani.
Isimo sesiyaluyalu sase-India singafanekiswa kahle yi-cliché entsha.Njengazo zonke izinkinga zangaphambilini, isisho esisha senziwe imali kule ngxabano eqhubekayo: ama-semiconductors angamafutha amasha.Lesi singathekiso silethe izwi elingakhululekile eNdiya.Njengokwehluleka ukulungisa izinqolobane zikawoyela wezwe amashumi eminyaka, uhulumeni waseNdiya uhlulekile futhi ukusungula inkundla yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor esebenzayo yase-India noma ukuvikela uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngama-chipset.Uma kubhekwa ukuthi izwe lithembele kubuchwepheshe bolwazi (IT) kanye nezinsiza ezihlobene ukuze lithole umthelela ku-geo-economic, lokhu kuyamangaza.Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, i-India ibixoxa ngengqalasizinda yendwangu, kodwa akukho nqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe.
Umnyango Wezogesi Nezimboni uphinde wamema inhloso yokuveza inhloso yawo "yokusungula/yokwandisa izinsiza ezikhona zokukhiqiza i-semiconductor wafer/device (indwangu) e-India noma ukuthola izimboni ze-semiconductor ngaphandle kwase-India" ukuze kuqhutshwe le nqubo.Enye inketho esebenzayo ukuthola izisekelo ezikhona (eziningi zazo ezivaliwe emhlabeni jikelele ngonyaka odlule, ezintathu e-China kuphela) bese udlulisela isiteji eNdiya;nalapho, kuzothatha okungenani iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ukuqeda.Amasosha avaliwe angaphindiselwa emuva.
Ngasikhathi sinye, umthelela ombaxambili we-geopolitics kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain okubangelwa yilolu bhubhane kulimaze izimboni ezahlukahlukene eNdiya.Isibonelo, ngenxa yokulimala kwepayipi lokuhlinzeka nge-chip, ulayini wokulethwa wenkampani yezimoto unwetshiwe.Izimoto eziningi zanamuhla zincike kakhulu emisebenzini ehlukahlukene eyisisekelo yama-chips kanye nemishini kagesi.Okufanayo kusebenza kunoma yimiphi eminye imikhiqizo ene-chipset njengomongo.Nakuba ama-chips amadala ekwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi ethile, ezinhlelweni ezibucayi ezifana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), amanethiwekhi e-5G noma izinkundla zokuvikela zamasu, imisebenzi emisha engaphansi kwama-nanometer angu-10 (nm) izodingeka.Njengamanje, bathathu kuphela abakhiqizi emhlabeni abangakhiqiza i-10nm nangaphansi: I-Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), i-Samsung yaseNingizimu Korea kanye ne-American Intel.Njengoba ubunkimbinkimbi benqubo bukhula kakhulu futhi nokubaluleka kwamasu kwama-chips ayinkimbinkimbi (5nm kanye ne-3nm) kukhuphuka, lezi zinkampani ezintathu kuphela ezingaletha imikhiqizo.I-United States izama ukuqukatha inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe yaseShayina ngokusebenzisa unswinyo kanye nezithiyo zohwebo.Ngokuhambisana nokulahlwa kwemishini nama-chips aseShayina ngamazwe anobungane nanobungane, leli payipi elinciphayo liphinde liminywe.
Esikhathini esedlule, izici ezimbili zazithiya ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-Indian fabs.Okokuqala, ukwakha i-wafer fab yokuncintisana kudinga inani elikhulu lokutshalwa kwezimali.Isibonelo, i-Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) ithembise ukutshala imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2-2.5 zamaRandi ukuze ikhiqize ama-chips angaphansi kwama-nanometer angu-10 efektri entsha e-Arizona, e-USA.Lawa ma-chips adinga umshini okhethekile we-lithography obiza ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-150 zamaRandi.Ukuqongelela inani elikhulu kangaka lemali kusekelwe ekhasimendeni kanye nesidingo semikhiqizo eqediwe.Inkinga yesibili yase-India wukuhlinzekwa kwengqalasizinda okunganele nokungalindelekile okufana nogesi, amanzi kanye nempahla.
Kunento yesithathu efihliwe efihlwe ngemuva: ukungaqiniseki kwezenzo zikahulumeni.Njengabo bonke ohulumeni bangaphambilini, nohulumeni okhona ukhombise ukuxhamazela nokucindezela.Abatshalizimali badinga isiqiniseko sesikhathi eside ohlakeni lwenqubomgomo.Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi uhulumeni akanamsebenzi.Kokubili i-China ne-United States zibaluleke kakhulu kuma-semiconductors.Isinqumo se-TSMC sokutshala imali e-Arizona saqhutshwa uhulumeni wase-US ngaphezu kokungenelela kukahulumeni waseShayina owaziwayo emkhakheni we-IT wezwe.Umakadebona weDemocrat u-Chuck Schumer (u-Chuck Schumer) njengamanje useSigele sase-US ngokubambisana kwezinhlangothi ezimbili ukuze kuhlinzekwe uxhaso lukahulumeni ezinkampanini ezitshala imali kuma-fabs, amanethiwekhi e-5G, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-quantum computing.
Okokugcina, impikiswano ingase ibe ukukhiqiza noma ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi.Kodwa, okubaluleke nakakhulu, uhulumeni wase-India udinga ukungenelela futhi athathe izinyathelo ezinhlangothi zombili, ngisho noma ezithakasela yena, ukuze aqinisekise ukuba khona kochungechunge lokunikezwa kwe-chip ye-bargaining, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lunjani.Lokhu kufanele kube indawo yayo engukhiye engaxoxiswana ngayo.
U-Rajrishi Singhal ungumxhumanisi wenqubomgomo, intatheli kanye nomlobi.Isibambo sakhe se-Twitter sithi @rajrishisanghal.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2021